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What Is Molarity? Molarity is the most commonly used measure of concentration. It is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. For example, a 1 M solution of H2SO4 contains 1 mole of H2SO4 per liter of solution. H2SO4 dissociates into H+ and SO4- ions in water. For every mole of H2SO4 that dissociates in solution, 2 moles of H+ and 1 mole of SO4- ions are formed. This is where normality is generally used. What Is Normality? Normality is a measure of concentration that is equal to the gram equivalent weight per liter of solution. Gram equivalent weight is a measure of the reactive capacity of a molecule. The solution's role in the reaction determines the solution's normality. For acid reactions, a 1 M H2SO4 solution will have normality (N) of 2 N because 2 moles of H+ ions are present per liter of solution. For sulfide precipitation reactions, where the SO4- ion is the most significant factor, the same 1 M H2SO4 solution will have a normality of 1 N. Con...

A solution is a homogeneous mixture created by dissolving one or more solutes in a solvent. The chemical present in a smaller amount, the solute, is soluble in the solvent (the chemical present in a larger amount). Solutions with accurately known concentrations can be referred to as standard (stock) solutions. Method: The solid solute is weighed out on weighing paper or in a small container and then transferred directly to a volumetric flask (commonly called a "vol flask"). A funnel might be helpful when transferring the solid into the slim neck of the vol flask. A small quantity of solvent is then added to the vol flask and the contents are swirled gently until the substance is completely dissolved. More solvent is added until the meniscus of the liquid reaches the calibration mark on the neck of the vol flask (a process called “diluting to volume”). The vol flask is then capped and inverted several times until the contents are mixed and completely dissolved. The disadvanta...